Who the Colors Listen To

After Aligning to the Legend, the Figures Went Dull

While revising the grid diagrams for SVD in Mathematics for AI Chapter 8, I first did the thing that looked correct: push every fill toward the front-matter legend.

A became pink.
U and Vᵀ became purple—orthogonal matrices are purple in the legend.
The diagonal of Σ became light green—diagonal matrices are light green there.

Alignment done. The figures suddenly went dull.


The Legend Names Types

The legend answers a clean question:

What kind of matrix is this?

Pink: a general rectangular matrix.
Purple: orthogonal.
Green diagonal band: diagonal.
Orange: permutation.
Dark-red gradient: symmetric.

Those colors are book-wide contracts. The decomposition blocks (decomp_*) follow them so a reader does not get lost.


The Grid Figures Still Need Another Layer

The four Full / Thin / Compact / Truncated panels do more than report types.

They also need to show:

  • the columns of U as left singular vectors
  • the rows of Vᵀ as right singular vectors
  • the stars on the diagonal of Σ as singular values of different weight
  • after truncation, which columns, rows, and diagonal entries disappear

A solid purple block gets the type right and loses the structure story.
Like printing the cover correctly and tearing out the table of contents.


The Compromise

The rule that stayed:

Place Color Why
A Pink family, cells slightly varied Still the legend’s “general matrix”; variation so nobody reads every entry as equal
U Purple family, shaded by column Near legend orthogonal, still readable as column vectors
Vᵀ Purple family, shaded by row After transpose, right singular vectors lie as rows
Σ diagonal Green family, dark to light Near legend diagonal, still distinct singular values
Σ off-diagonal White with 0 Explicit zeros

I hesitated over random pinks for A.
Uniform pink matches the legend cleanest; once you draw a grid, a flat fill invites the misreading that every value is the same.
So the pinks are scrambled deterministically—varied, but not by row or column, lest A pretend to have U’s or Vᵀ’s structure.


One Principle

The legend owns type; within-type shade owns structure.

Block diagrams can listen only to the legend.
Schematics that must teach what moves and what gets cut cannot dunk every same-type block in one bucket of paint.

Aligning colors first is discipline.
Stepping half a step back afterward is so the figure can still speak.